Fragile X is a genetic condition caused by a mutation in a gene, called FMR1, on the X chromosome. This gene is responsible for the production of proteins needed by the body's cells - especially those in the brain.

The most notable consequence of Fragile X is on intelligence levels. Boys with the syndrome are likely to have an IQ of 75 or less. The effect in girls is more variable, because females have two X chromosomes. Thus, some girls will have a normal IQ, while others with Fragile X may have problems ranging from learning disabilities to mental impairment. Other signs of Fragile X can include attention problems, hyperactivity, anxiety, mood disturbances, connective tissue problems, seizures and (in females) premature ovarian failure. Most boys and about one-third of girls also show some signs of autism.

Fragile X is the most common cause of inherited mental impairment in the U.S. The Fragile X Research Foundation estimates one in 4,000 males and one in 6,000 females have the syndrome. Boys tend to be affected more severely than girls.

Hippotherapy

Hippotherapy is the use of horses in a therapeutic setting to produce functional outcomes for a client (rider). Clients are not taught specific riding skills. Instead, the movement of the horse provides sensory input which, hopefully, brings about the desired outcome for the rider. The sessions are planned and guided by a trained physical, occupational or speech-language therapist.

During a therapy session, the client is placed on the horse. The therapist carefully guides the movement of the horse and watches the rider's response, adjusting speed and movement as necessary. Each step of the horse provides a gentle rhythmic motion in patterns similar to those of human walking. Ideally, the movements on the horse stimulate the rider's senses and neurological connections, improving balance, posture, muscle strength and mobility. In addition, the horse and rider form a friendly, trusting bond that may help improve a client's self-esteem, confidence and level of patience.

Hippotherapy is done with specially trained horses that are capable of enduring the unpredictable behaviors and outbursts of some children. The special temperament of the animals and their therapeutic potential make hippotherapy useful for many patients, such as those with Fragile X, Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Down Syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Spina Bifida, traumatic brain injury, stroke or learning disabilities.

SOURCES

The National Fragile X Foundation, http://www.fragilex.org