Back pain is a very common problem. Researchers estimate 10 million Americans experience disabling back pain every year. The condition accounts for 19 million visits to physician offices and half of all workers' compensation claims and costs $14 billion annually.

The Back

The back, or spine, is a column of bones that supports the upper body and head. There are 24 small horizontal bones, called vertebrae that stack like rungs on a ladder. In between each of the vertebrae is a cushioning pad, called an intervertebral disk. This disk is like a jelly donut. It's covered in a tough fibrous material. Inside is a gel-like substance that helps to absorb pressure and shock forces during movement of the spine.

The vertebrae are attached to the spinal column. The spinal column encases and protects the spinal cord, or communications conduit between the brain and the rest of the body.

Low back pain can have many causes. Improper conditioning or poor lifting techniques can increase the risk of sprain or strain to the back. A fall or sudden twist can also cause injury. With age, the intervertebral disks can deteriorate or wear. A protruding or collapsed disk can put pressure on the delicate spinal nerve roots and cause pain. In some cases, the pain can even radiate down the leg (sciatica). Aging may also be associated with the development of arthritis in the tiny joints of the spine or formation of bone spurs. Older people are also at risk for development of osteoporosis and fractures in the vertebrae.

Treating Back Pain

Back pain often gets better with rest and modification of activities. Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications may be recommended to relieve pain and inflammation. Physical therapy may also be recommended. After recovery, back exercises and training in proper lifting techniques may reduce the risk of future injury. When back pain is severe or disabling and conservative treatments aren't helpful, surgery may be recommended.

When a spinal disk degenerates, the natural support and cushioning between the upper and lower vertebrae is lost. The vertebrae collapse on top of one another, causing pain. Traditionally, doctors treat the problem by placing metal implants and bone grafts between the two vertebrae. The procedure permanently fuses the two vertebrae in position and provides support for the spine.

Back Pain Implant

Another option is now available for some patients with back pain. It's called the VERTE-STACK(r) CAPSTONE(tm) Implant. The device is inserted between two vertebrae to restore spinal height. It is especially helpful for patients with severe degenerative disk disease or disk collapse.

The CAPSTONE implant is made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a special radiolucent polymer. PEEK is a strong type of plastic that doesn't interfere with X-rays. The material can be sterilized, so there is little risk of transmission of infection. It's safe for the body and doesn't cause any reactions. CAPSTONE is manufactured by Medtronic, Inc and became commercially available late last year.

SOURCES

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, http://www.ninds.nih.gov